On August 31, 2026, FMIC successfully conducted a Continuing Medical Education (CME) session on “Shock: Assessment, Classification, and Management," presented by Dr. Ahmad Ali Afzali. The session brought together 36 healthcare professionals to enhance their understanding of the early recognition, evaluation, and management of shock, a life-threatening medical emergency.
During the session, Dr. Afzali highlighted that shock is an acute clinical syndrome caused by the inability of the circulatory system to provide adequate oxygen and nutrients to tissues and organs, resulting in cellular dysfunction, tissue hypoperfusion, and, if left untreated, organ failure. He discussed the various types of shock, including hypovolemic, cardiogenic, distributive, and obstructive shock, and reviewed their underlying pathophysiology and clinical manifestations.
The presentation emphasized the importance of early identification of shock through key clinical signs such as tachycardia, tachypnea, prolonged capillary refill time, hypotension, oliguria, and altered mental status. Participants also learned about the different stages of shock, ranging from compensated shock to irreversible shock, highlighting the need for timely intervention to improve patient outcomes.
Dr. Afzali further reviewed evidence-based treatment approaches, including airway stabilization, respiratory support, fluid resuscitation, cardiac monitoring, and the use of vasoactive and inotropic medications such as norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, and dobutamine. Practical case studies involving pediatric and adult patients with septic shock, hypovolemic shock, and diabetic ketoacidosis-related shock were presented to demonstrate real-world clinical management strategies.
The session concluded with an interactive discussion, enabling participants to exchange experiences and discuss clinical challenges associated with the diagnosis and treatment of critically ill patients.
Participants appreciated FMIC's continued commitment to professional development and knowledge sharing through educational programs that strengthen clinical competencies and promote evidence-based medical practice. FMIC remains dedicated to advancing medical education and supporting healthcare professionals in delivering high-quality patient care across Afghanistan.
